14 March 2026

What can a private detective legally do in Belgium?

Introduction

Many people wonder what a private detective is legally allowed to do in Belgium. Contrary to what is sometimes shown in films, private investigations are strictly regulated.

In Belgium, private detectives operate under the Private Investigation Act (18 May 2024). This law determines under which conditions a private detective may conduct investigations and which rules must be followed.

The purpose of a private investigation is always to collect objective and verifiable information in relation to a case or a specific situation.

When can a private detective be hired?

A private detective may be hired by:

• private individuals

• companies

• lawyers

This usually happens when factual information is required to better understand a situation or support a case.

What types of investigations can a private detective carry out?

A private detective may conduct different types of investigations, provided that they remain within the legal limits.

Examples of possible investigative activities include:

• observations in the context of an investigation

• fact-finding investigations in conflicts or disputes

• verification of specific factual situations

• locating or tracing individuals

• analysis of publicly available information (OSINT)

These activities aim to establish facts and gather relevant information.

What rules must a private detective follow?

Private investigators must always operate within a clear legal framework.

Some important principles include:

• respect for privacy and data protection

• no use of illegal methods

• investigations only when there is a legitimate interest

• clear agreements between the client and the private detective

According to the Private Investigation Act, every investigation must be recorded in:

• a written agreement

• an investigation assignment document

These documents clearly define the purpose of the investigation and the assignment.

What happens after the investigation?

After the investigation, the client receives a structured investigation report.

This report may include:

• description of the investigative activities

• dates, locations and times of observations

• relevant findings

• supporting material such as photographs or documentation

Such a report may be used to support a legal case or procedure.

Do private detectives work legally?

Yes, provided that the investigation is carried out by a licensed private detective agency and within the legal limits.

In Belgium, private detectives must hold a licence issued by the Federal Public Service Interior and operate in accordance with the Private Investigation Act.

Conclusion

A private detective can help establish facts and collect information when questions or uncertainties arise in a case.

All investigations must be conducted with respect for:

• legislation

• privacy regulations

• professional investigation standards.

About JOCO Investigations

JOCO Investigations is a licensed private detective agency in Belgium that carries out professional and discreet investigations for private individuals, companies and lawyers.

Our investigations are conducted in accordance with the Private Investigation Act (18 May 2024) and the applicable data protection regulations.

Contact

Do you have questions about a possible investigation?

Feel free to contact JOCO Investigations confidentially and without obligation to discuss whether an investigation may be possible in your situation.